Europe

• France: Macron’s options after prime minister ousted 11 September 2025
  France faces a huge political crisis after lawmakers voted to oust prime minister François Bayrou’s minority government over his controversial austerity measures. His plan to cut €43.8 billion from the budget, including the elimination of public holidays, proved too bitter for lawmakers to swallow, leading to his removal by a…
• Poland: reactions to Russia’s drone attacks 11 September 2025
  Russia’s unprecedented drone strikes on Poland on 9 September are framed as both a test and a warning to Europe and NATO. Moscow, adept at ‘salami-slicing’ escalation, is probing allied resolve with incremental provocations - from bombings in Kyiv to GPS jamming: each crossing a new line while eliciting mostly…
• Bulgaria: von der Leyen’s plane subjected to electronic jamming 4 September 2025
  On 1 September, In what authorities suspect was Russian interference, Ursula von der Leyen’s plane was subjected to GPS jamming while landing in Bulgaria,. The flight, which landed safely using paper maps, highlighted the persistent threat of disrupting aviation traffic electronically. Russia has long been accused of such tactics, particularly…
• Ukraine: Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia all willing to contribute troops for security guarantees 4 September 2025
  Estonia’s president, Alar Karis, has said it is prepared to contribute troops to an international reassurance force that the ‘Coalition of the Willing’ plans to send to Ukraine as a post-ceasefire security guarantee. He said  Estonia is not overly concerned that this would weaken NATO’s eastern flank, though discussions with…
• Lisbon: funicular railway crash ‘due partly to overtourism’ 4 September 2025
  A tragic derailment of Lisbon’s historic Glória funicular railway has left 16 dead and 21 injured, after a carriage broke free and crashed into a hotel. The popular railway, dating back to 1885 and carrying around three million passengers annually, has been at the center of debate about overtourism. Residents…